Africa & Middle East · reference
🇱🇾 Libya
Divided transitional state with rival governments
SystemDivided transitional state with rival governments
Head of stateMohamed al-Menfi, Chairman of the Presidential Council (Tripoli)
Head of governmentPrime Minister Abdul Hamid Dbeibeh in Tripoli · a rival eastern administration under Osama Hammad is backed by Khalifa Haftar's forces
LegislatureHouse of Representatives elected in 2014, based in the east, alongside a Tripoli-based High Council of State
ElectionsNo national elections since 2014 · the presidential vote planned for December 2021 collapsed and has never been rescheduled
Last election2014-06-25 · House of Representatives election
Libya has been split since the fall of Muammar Gaddafi in 2011 and formally divided between rival cabinets since 2022, with UN mediation repeatedly failing to produce agreed election rules. Oil, Africa's largest proven reserves, funds both camps and periodic blockades are used as leverage. Foreign backers, including Turkey on one side and Russia and Egypt on the other, entrench the stalemate.
Live encyclopedic leader and election records · verified 2026-07-02
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